NCERT reference · Class 9
16 integrated chapters across Earth and Environment, Human History and Society, Democracy, Governance and Authority, and Economics and Financial Life — grouped by theme for faster revision. Includes exam tips and practice test links for each theme.
16
chapters (Part 1 + 2)
4
integrated themes
80
marks in exam
Study map
Earth and Environment
Earth's surface, atmosphere and climate, oceans, life on Earth.
Human History and Society
Early humans, ancient civilisations, medieval resilience, India's world connections.
Democracy + Economics
Democracy, elections, authority, markets, entrepreneurship, personal finance.
Syllabus by study unit
Physical geography integrated with life sciences — how tectonic forces shape landforms, how the atmosphere drives climate, how oceans sustain ecosystems, and how all living systems interact on Earth.
A chronological arc from early humans through ancient civilisations to medieval India — tracing how states, societies, and cultures formed, changed under pressure, and connected with the wider world.
What social science is as a discipline; the principles and rationale of democracy; how elections translate popular will into representation; and how authority is legitimised in different political systems.
Foundational economic concepts — needs, wants, scarcity, markets, and price signals; how entrepreneurship turns ideas into enterprises; and personal financial literacy including budgeting and saving.
Exam-ready checklist
Four subjects share one paper — a short mixed test confirms you can switch between them without losing pace.
Step 1
Generate 10 questions on Earth's surface, atmosphere, and oceans — include diagram-labelling and cause-effect questions.
Step 2
Create MCQs on early civilisations, medieval India, and India's world connections — focus on timeline and significance questions.
Step 3
Ask for a mixed drill on Democracy, Elections, and Economics — covering markets, authority, entrepreneurship, and financial planning.
Official resources